This collection of essays, which covers a wide range of issues related to Turkish politics, history and foreign policy, was written by a distinguished group of young scholars, most of whom presented their papers as part of the Young Scholars on Turkey Conference in Washington DC on April 15, 2011. The selection of essays is intended to illuminate Turkey's current politics and foreign policy as well as provide new insights into its historical background and identity debates. Both the Young Scholars on Turkey lecture series and its conference attracted the attention of an informed and enthusiastic audience of both established professionals and other young scholars. The Young Scholars on Turkey (YSOT) program, co-sponsored by the SETA Foundation at Washington D.C. and the Institute of Turkish Studies (ITS) at Georgetown University, completed its first year with an international conference in April 15, 2011. This volume draws on articles submitted by scholars who have presented their work to the Washington D.C. audience as part of the YSOT program. The main idea driving the conception of the program was manifold. First, it aimed to bridge the gap between the academic world and the policy world in discussions on Turkey. Second, the program was intended to contribute to the depth of policy discussions on Turkey specifically in the think tank world by relying on already accumulated academic knowledge. Third, it strove to offer fresh perspectives on Turkey by engaging academics at the beginning of their careers. This was definitely an ambitious project as it attempted to engage early-career scholars in the policy conversation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1: HISTORY AND IDENTITY IN TURKEY Figures of Nationalist Speech in Atatürk’s Great Speech, MATTHEW deTAR American Modernity, Turkish Democracy: Between Principle and Pragmatism in American Policy toward Turkey during the Early Cold War, NICHOLAS DANFORTH The Politics of Education Policy in Turkey: Secularism and Gender in Turkey’s Primary and Secondary Education System, SARAH FISCHER Turkish Challenge to the Orientalist Narrative of the European Union, RAVZA KAVAKÇI KAN

PART 2: POLITICS IN TURKEY Islamic Political Mobilization in Turkey, BRIAN MELLO Understanding Contemporary Islam in Turkey: Muslimism and the Cultural Sites of Hybridity, NESLİHAN ÇEVİK Attitudes Towards East and West in Turkish Public Opinion: MATT DICKENSON and RYAN KENNEDY

PART 3: TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY The Place of the EU in Multi-Dimensional Turkish Foreign Policy, SELCEN ÖNER Turkey’s critical Europeanization: “For the European Union, despite the European Union”?, JULIETTE TOLAY Understanding Changes in the Foreign Policy of Nations: The Turkish Case and the Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy, KILIÇ BUĞRA KANAT From Strategic to Model Partnership: Effects of Turkey’s Independent Foreign Policy, NUH YILMAZ